What causes dandruff?
Everyone has a yeast called Malassezia on their scalp. It feeds on scalp oil. In some people it triggers mild irritation, the scalp sheds skin cells faster, and those cells clump into visible flakes. Dandruff is common and not caused by poor hygiene, though infrequent washing makes it more visible.
Why is dandruff worse in summer?
- Sweat and humidity keep the scalp warm and damp — ideal for yeast.
- More scalp oil in the heat means more food for it.
- Caps, dupattas and helmets trap heat and sweat for hours.
- Heavy oiling left on overnight adds even more oil.
Dry winter flakes are different: small, white and from a tight, dry scalp. Summer flakes tend to be larger, slightly greasy and itchy.
What is a good weekly routine for summer dandruff?
- Wash 3–4 times a week with a gentle anti-dandruff shampoo such as one with neem and tea tree.
- Leave the shampoo on for 2–3 minutes before rinsing so it has time to work.
- Oil only once or twice a week, for 1–2 hours, with a light scalp oil such as kalonji — never overnight while flakes are active.
- Dry your scalp properly. Do not tie up or cover damp hair.
- Wash caps, pillowcases and combs weekly.
- Rinse sweat off after the gym or a long hot day, even if you skip shampoo.
Do home remedies like lemon or curd work?
Lemon juice can sting a scratched scalp and may irritate it more. Curd (yogurt) masks feel soothing but are unlikely to control yeast on their own. Aloe vera gel is a gentle option for itch. Remedies are best used alongside regular washing, not instead of it.
When should you see a dermatologist?
- Thick, yellow or crusty scales
- Redness, bleeding or sores on the scalp
- Flakes on eyebrows, beard, sides of the nose or chest
- Patches of hair loss
- No improvement after 4 weeks of regular care
These can be seborrhoeic dermatitis, psoriasis or a fungal infection, which need medicated treatment.
